The Short Answer
Power depends on the standard. 802.3af gives about 15 W per port, 802.3at (PoE+) about 30 W, and 802.3bt (PoE++) 60 W or 90 W depending on type, all at roughly 48 V DC.
Source vs Device Power
The standards quote two figures: the power the source supplies and the lower power available at the device after cable loss, for example 30 W at the source and 25 W at the device for PoE+. When sizing a deployment, plan against the figure at the device, not at the source.
See our guide to industrial Power over Ethernet for the full picture.