The Short Answer
Power codings were added to the IEC 61076-2-111 standard so that M12 could replace larger power connectors on machines. Each has its own key, so a power cable cannot be connected to a signal or Ethernet socket.
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L-coded DC power up to 16 A at 63 V, typically for PROFINET devices.
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T-coded DC power up to 12 A at 63 V, 4 contacts.
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S-coded AC power up to 630 V, with a protective earth.
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K-coded AC power up to 630 V with 4 contacts and earth, including three-phase.
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C-coded Older AC coding for sensors and power, being replaced by S and K.
Power on Industrial Computers
Most industrial computers take a low-voltage DC supply through an A-coded M12 connector, from 9 V up to 110 V on railway models, because the current is modest. Higher-current field power uses L-coded M12. Our guide to M12 connectors compares every coding, and the M12 coding FAQ explains how coding works.